Why do test antipatterns emerge?

In the previous post I presented an example of what I call the Soap Opera Test Antipattern, and some possible side-effects like having test code implicitly coupled to the application code. Reasons for this post arose from a discussion which is still going on in the Bologna XP mailing list, and reinforced by this post by Jason Gorman. Of course, every methodology works perfectly well …in theory. But practice with testing systems leaves us with a bunch of challenging issues when applied (more or less blindly) to real world situations.

So why do we end up having Soap Operas test in our code? I think one reason is rooted in the heart of the TDD mantra "Red, Green, Refactor". Here's why:

1. Red. You want to add a new requirement, you do so by adding the corresponding test. You're done when you added the test, and running it results in a red bar.
   
2. Green. You get to the green bar as quick as possible. Hacks are allowed, to get to green because being far from the green makes you dive too deep and you have no idea about what it takes to get back to green. You're done when you have the green bar again in your xUnit test suite.
   
3. Refactor. This is a green-to-green transition that allows you to clean up the code, remove duplications, and make the code look better than in step 2.
   

Step 3 looks a little weaker than the others for a few reasons

• It's the third step. If you're time-boxed, this is where you're gonna cut, by telling "done" to your boss, even if you feel that something's still missing.
  
• The termination condition is less defined, compared to step 1 and 2; "green" is a lot less disputable than "clean". To declare step 3 over you have to satisfy your "personal definition of code beauty", assumed you have one. Moreover, refactoring goals are often personal: TDD book suggests to write them on a paper and keep it for the day. This means that you refactoring goals are not shared with the team. This is not a mandatory approach, for example I am the kind of guy that normally starts polluting the bug tracking system with refactoring suggestions. But I also know that very few of them will actually make it to production code (unless I am supremely in charge of the project…). Anyway, I think that most of the time refactoring notes are something too trivial to be shared on the Bug Tracking System. But the best way to achieve that is to have them fixed before they have to become remainders.
  
• It's a matter of culture. If you're doing TDD but lack some crucial OOP skill, you're in danger of writing sloppy tests. There's a lot of good OO in a framework like JUnit, and designers made it good enough that the OO part is well hidden behind the scenes. But this does not mean that developers should code like neanderthalians when it comes to coding tests.
  

Putting it all together, the result is often test code which is less effective than it should be.

Tags: Agile, TDD, JUnit, Software Architecture